Annotated Bibliography

 

 National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2023). The science of drug use and addiction: The basics. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/media-guide/science-drug-use-addiction-basics

The NIDA publication portrays drug use and addiction as science, characterizing addiction as a chronic, relapsing brain disease. The publication explains how drugs act on the brain, how difficult drug addiction is to quit, and what is most effective in terms of treatment. The article encourages evidence-based prevention, treatment, and recovery programs over drug control models that are founded on punitive policies.

 I will utilize this source as part of building my argument in favor of an approach to drug addiction and trade that is health-based. Its scientific consideration of addiction as an illness is a corrective to a law-and-order perspective, and will assist with making my thesis that drug addiction policies should precede punishing drug users. It is research-based, authoritative, and from an institution with high credibility.


Drug trafficking. (n.d.). United Nations : Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/drug-trafficking/index.html

The UNODC provides a global overview of drug trade, including drug supply as well as drug-demand markets. The page includes information on global routes, cooperation at an international level, as well as drug-trafficking's social and health consequences. The page is also supplemented with links to other statistics and world drug reports produced by the UN.

This source is very globally oriented and attempts to balance out some of the country-specific material in the other two sources. It is best for comparing drug-trafficking trends by regions. The benefit here is that it is an international source and that this source addresses multilateral responses, and this is something I can use for comparing responses across the board and how they were effective. This source is better for getting the overall picture than either other source, but may not include some detail and human element that domestic or health-specific sources supply.



Panlogic. (2025, April 16). Drug trafficking. National Crime Agency. https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/what-we-do/crime-threats/drug-trafficking

This UK National Crime Agency publication outlines the major threats from drug trafficking, including its association with organized crime. It explains how drug trafficking is commonly tied to other serious crimes, such as human trafficking, modern slavery, and serious violence. The document lays out how drug markets are becoming more internationalized, such as how drugs enter the UK and how drugs are sold here. 

 The below is an overview by a governmental agency of the scope of organized drug trafficking and its interrelationship with other wider crime networks. I will use it to demonstrate how drug trafficking is as much a health issue as it is an issue of national and global security. It serves to denmark as much as possible the scope of the issue by demonstrating its interrelationship with other crime categories.

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